African Slave Trade in American History - 1725 Words

â€Å"African Slave Trade in American History† Slavery has taken place throughout the world since before ancient times, and the act of trading slaves was a common act throughout the world for centuries. Slavery previously existed in certain parts of Africa, Europe, Asia, and also in America before the beginning of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. What initially started out as an enormous search for trade in gold, spices, and etc., ended up turning into an callous human trading system of exporting African slaves, which would continue for well over 400 years. In the late 15th century, Europeans and Arabs removed slaves from the West, Central and Southeast Africa overseas during the African slave trade era. The European establishment of Africa†¦show more content†¦In most cases the original people that were chosen for labor had proved that they were unreliable and most of them were dying from diseases brought over from Europe. The Europeans were unequipped to become acclimated to the different climates in which they suffered very major tropical diseases. Africans, on the other hand, were outstanding workers: â€Å"they often had experience of agriculture and keeping cattle, they were used to a tropical climate, resistant to tropical diseases, and they could be worked very hard on plantations or in mines.† The Portuguese proceeded to the kidnapping of men, woman, and children from many African tribes from the west coast of Africa and to take those that were captured to Europe and various other countries. By the seventeenth century the Trans-Atlantic slave trade was in full operation, reaching its peak towards the end of the nineteenth century. â€Å"More than 15 million Africans were forced to leave Africa to cross the Atlantic to be sold into slavery. In addition, millions of Africans lost their lives because of slave retaliation or during their forced transportation to the ships where they would be transported to the Americas.† Many of the Africans that were enslaved were previously prisoners of war or became prisoners from slave attacks that took place during their capture. As the need for slaves increased, so did the practice of organized slave attacking, which increased in scope andShow MoreRelatedEssay African American Issues: Slavery and Continuing Racism892 Words   |  4 Pages There are many issues that African Americans face in today’s society, many of which I had not realized until after taking Africana Studies. Some issues dwell on the horrific past of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, which not only is history, but also is part of African American heritage (Karenga, 2010). African Americans frequently experience many perilous problems, such as dire economic situations and feelings of hostility from the cultural mainstream in America (Kaufman, 1971). The cultural collisionRead MoreColonial American Slavery Essay examples1458 Words   |  6 Pagesearly America is an extremely complex, yet vitally important part of American History. There are hundreds of thousands of documents, debates, and historical studies available today. According to Ms. Goetz, the assistant professor of history at Rice University, who states, in The Southern Journal of History, that in addition to geographic and chronological diversity in the America’s, a ssessment of experiences of colonial slaves is extremely complex, â€Å"especially in the context of three European colonialRead MoreTriangular Trade Route And The Middle Passage Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesTriangular Trade Research Paper The triangular Trade Route was a system of transferring goods, imports, and people throughout three different ports. Items were transported between the West Indies, Africa, and New England. The most known case of the Triangular Trade Route was in the 17th and 18th century when North American colonies would trade specific goods, like rum, in return for African slaves. The transfer of the slaves was referred to as the middle passage. 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African Americans have reached a time where they attain the power to act and make decisions at their own accord. African Americans possessed strength to survive generations of suffering from slavery, going against theRead MoreThe Need for Slavery in the Colonies856 Words   |  4 Pageslivestock were just a few responsibilities that were left to slaves during the 1600 s. White families received all of the benefits from the work done, yet they rarely had to lift a finger, unless it was to correct a slave. Today s generation reads about slavery and regards it as morally wrong. While I agree that slavery was one of America s greatest wrongdoings, it paved the way for America as we know it today. One of the largest uses of slave labor was in the southern plantations. Virginia s economyRead MoreSlavery During The Twentieth Century993 Words   |  4 Pagesthat slavery has been easily defined, by demonstrating the tension between remembering and forgetting history. The twentieth century narratives trace the history of the Atlantic slave trade through contemporary Africa, reflecting the role of slavery in present day. The works unearth remnants of the past in order to locate African memories in literature and bring them forth from the margins of history. Each author originates from different geographical locations in Africa, which allows various formsRead MoreThe Economic And Social Structure Of Africa1661 Words   |  7 Pagespeople are realizing the value of studying Africa. Studying different aspects of Africa help us understand Africans, ourselves, and the world as a whole. One field of study that should recognize what there is to learn from Africa is economics. Studying Africa gives us a better understanding of how economics influences social organization. Economic activity changed throughout the history of Africa, and this has had a major impact on how society was organized. By studying how the economic and socialRead MoreCompare the Effects of the Fur Trade on Native Societies in North America, with the Effects of the Slave Trade on Native Societies in Africa866 Words   |  4 Pagesnineteenth century the fur trade and slave trade connected the global commerce, and played a significant role in world history. Each of them transformed the destiny of North American and African society. Politically, economically and culturally, North Americans were dying slowly in seemingly more peaceful fur trade, and Africans were immediately hit by the wreaked havoc of slave trade. North America’s ostensible peace with the outside world could not avoid civil wars, as African people’s self-protectionRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Slave Trade1328 Words   |  6 Pagesplayed a prominent role in the history of American culture, and legislation. These institutions were especially impactful during the start of American colonization. Colonization caused the aggregated need for mass amounts of workers for cultivation infrastructure. For this reason, American settlers began the transatlantic slave trade trade. Christianity played an important role in advocating for the morality of the slave trade (Richard). In order to drive the slave industry, pastors across America

Description Of Royal Dutch Shell Plc - 1229 Words

(a) Description of Royal Dutch Shell plc Royal Dutch Shell plc is a public limited company registered in England and Wales and headquartered in The Hague, the Netherlands. It has three business segments: upstream, downstream and corporate. Upstream: focus on exploration for new liquids and natural gas reserves and on developing major new projects. Downstream: focus on turning crude oil into a range of refined products for domestic, industrial and transport use. [1]Shell’s major focus on need to build sustainable energy future. Shell stresses its role in integrating sustainability at all levels of its business. It planning to reduce impact on the environment. Shell working to minimise its environmental impact in a number of ways: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Shell reinforces the position of company as a leader which meet global energy demand responsibly in the oil and gas industry. It emphasis on safety and environmental and social responsibility across their activities[2] 2. In order to get technological advantages to access new resources which can better satisfy the needs of customers and reduce expenditure or increase revenue, Shell continues spending sustained investment research and development (RD). [2] 3. Shell announced that the respect for human rights which are important across activities of Shell and work with other companies and non-governmental organisations to improve the awareness of human rights. [2] 4. Shell conducts physical and financial contracts to lease storage and transportation capacities and manage shipping activities globally. [3] 5. Shell believes that their technology, project delivery capability and operational excellence will remain key differentiators for our businesses. Over 80% of capital investment in 2015 is in upstream businesses.[3] Management control: the acquisition and efficient use of resources in the accomplishment of organizational goals. 6. 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Virus Invaders Essay Example For Students

Virus Invaders Essay Katie TurnerTechnical WritingPeriod 7Virus Invaders, written by Alan E. Nourse, M.D., explores different viruses and our bodys defenses against them. This book traces the history of the discovery of viruses, and discusses the difficulty of identifying them, major diseases caused by viruses, the present state of virology, and the prognosis for the treatment. This book is an up-date examination of the structure and function of viruses that covers how they invade the body and what they do once they have entered. Common and uncommon diseases (chicken pox, hepatitis, mononucleosis, herpes, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, encephalitis, AIDS) are discussed in depth. Viruses are so mysterious and their behaviors are so complex that it is almost as difficult to describe them to the nonscientist as it is to study them in the laboratory. Nourse does an awesome job of writing in laypersons terms without making the reader feel like a child. The most fascinating chapter describes viruses as the not-quite-living enemy. The photographs of laboratories look dull and fuzzy in the book and the black-and-white illustrations are not that great for representing magnified specimens. However, Nourse does a good job in explaining this information. Nourse describes the discovery of viruses and their nature, and discusses the variety of viral diseases, vaccines and immunity, and recent research. He presents a wide scope of information; detailed, complex explanations about such topics as DNA and RNA; and focuses on AIDS and HIV. Likewise, hepatitis A, B, and C are dealt with separately. An excellent double-page chart details in outline form the viruses, diseases cau sed, organs attacked, symptoms, usual outcomes, and possibilities of an available vaccine. Analogies and action-packed adjectives and nouns will keep young readers actively involved in unraveling the mysteries of these tiny tyrants. . . . Current areas of viral research are presented, encouraging a continued interesting this subject. Only a couple of minor flaws are seen in the beauty of this excellent presentation. The book is recommended highly, both for general knowledge and as material for the classroom. BibliographyWhats up manEnglish Essays

Network Administrator versus System Administrator an Example of the Topic Career by

Network Administrator versus System Administrator by Expert Prof Nelly | 07 Dec 2016 The job descriptions of the network administrator and the system administrator have a significant amount of overlap between skills and duties in some companies, there is no practical difference. Traffic between the jobs is extremely common and has few barriers, with often only a training course or some knowledge gained in another position allowing a position switch. So why do the corporate world and technical organizations distinguish between network administrators and system administrators? The answers are varied and complicated. Some professional groups, such as the System Administrators Guild or SAGE, dont make a practical distinction between system administrators and network administrators. Need essay sample on "Network Administrator versus System Administrator" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed People Frequently Tell EssayLab support: Who wants to write assignment for me? Essay writer professionals recommend: Professionals Are Creating Successful College Custom Essays! Pay for Academic Paper Writing Buy College Papers/a> However, companies such as Microsoft do make a clear distinction between the two specialties. Opinion among other groups is largely that while there is significant overlap between system administrators and network administrators and the jobs can be substituted for each other in many instances. However, large and complicated networking installations such as a data center or network operations center environment, or complicated system administration environments such as an office building with inpidual Unix workstations for graphics or programming work, require specialized system and network administrators to best handle the requirements of the installation. Whether a professional group or inpidual company makes a distinction between network administrators and system administrators or combines the roles depends on the size of the installations and the political stance of the organization. In other words, companies and technical organizations which make a distinction between network administration and system administration usually do so because their main user base or their own information technology infrastructure requires separate job descriptions for system administration and its networking specialty. In order to explore the reasons for the difference between network administrators and system administrators, its important to clarify what the positions are generally defined as. Barnard defines a system administrators role as encompassing security administration, service monitoring and control, job scheduling, network administration, directory services, print and output administration and storage management (2002. Although network administration is defined as part of a system administrators role, it is also defined separately as: Network administration is typically involved with the first three layers of the stack, which mostly consist of hardware. There is some overlap between network and system administration at the transport level management of such services as DNS, WINS and DHCP provide the basic name resolution services required by fully functioned IT services. Depending on the organization, these core services may also be included as network service functions. Since DNS, WINS and DHCP run on servers, network servers are sometimes included among the hardware components managed by the Network Administration SMF. (2002) In other words, Barnard defines a system administration role as one dealing primarily with software, servers and auxiliary services such as print and storage capabilities; network administration, which may be included in system administration in smaller installations, includes responsibility for the network itself as well as the support hardware such as name servers. Because Microsofts server business base is primarily large to very large installations, there is a strong emphasis on separating the network administration and system administration specialties, and on designing personnel and job descriptions to meet the requirements of the hardware design. Barnard remarks, Modeling system administration takes into consideration an organizations computing architecture whether it is centralized, distributed or a hybrid of the two. Your administrative model is most likely to follow the design of your architecture, although there are exceptions. (Barnard, 2002). Dijker (2001) states that network administration is a particular specialty of system administration, rather than a separate job description. She defines system administration as a whole as all those systems tasks a user might want to offload, including in a lengthy list such tasks as data integrity management, upgrades, security and networking (Dijker, 2001). While the basic knowledge is the same, the specific skills vary from position to position. Dijker also points out that the roles of system administrator and network administrator largely depend on the organization theyre employed by. Rather than being a well-defined profession, both system administrators and network administrators shift their duties and skills to fill the holes left in an organization by other positions (Dijker, 2001). SAGE, the System Administrators Guild, largely agrees with Dijkers position that network administration is a specialty of system administration; their suggested job descriptions include networking tasks at every level of system administration above the junior administrator level (SAGE, 2001). More complex sites are seen as requiring more specialized administrators, including networking, security and storage specialists. While network administration and system administration are not completely separate fields, the larger and more complex the installation, the more and more the duties of the two positions perse. Microsoft and SAGE are both large organizations, but what of the inpidual opinions of network and system administrators? A thread at Ars Technica sheds some light on what inpidual views of the difference between them are. User ErraticAssasin posted, asking the question what is the difference between network and systems admin? The responses the post received were varied; they included: Many govt contractors might be picky since they can sometimes budget with specific positions (read: job titles) required Larger groups tend to have greater differences between an NA and an SA. This is because the SAs only deal with the servers and the NAs only deal with the network. If a group is smaller, then these responsibilities may fall onto the same people. The differentiation comes about for large organizations. There are places where 100% of your time can be spent working on cisco gear = netqork engineer. Likewise, if all you ever do is touch nt/2k, or solaris = systems engineer. (ErraticAssasin, 2001) Clearly, the observations of those on the front lines of network and system administration agree with the big boys: the difference between network administration and system administration largely depends on the size of the organization and their information architecture. Finally, we have Menezes view, which is a bit unconventional compared to the rest. While Menezes seems to consider network administration part of the systems administration umbrella as well, he suggests that a a network administrator may be more inclined to write scripts to monitor network, then rewires entire machine room, improving response time by 2%, whereas a system administrator may be more inclined to put network usage in motd. (Menezes, 2007). Network administration and system administration are not absolutely separate technical specialties, and most software providers and professional groups acknowledge this. Most emphasis is put on defining both job specialties by what the organization requires, rather than by a predefined set of skills and responsibilities. This allows organizations the flexibility to define their job descriptions by their requirements, rather than trying to slot a pre-written job description into what may be a unique position. A small organization can employ a small team of generalist system administrators (or even just a single administrator) to fill all their information technology needs, including design, installation and maintenance of internal networks and external connections. A larger, more complex organization with a complicated network topology, specialized network security requirements or a high number of networked hosts often have one or more network administration specialists. Some organizations have requirements for network administrator roles to fulfill funding requirements for the positions, as well. The distinction between the network administrator and the system administrator is largely one of convenience for the hiring organization or a reflection of the complexity of the organizations network environment. Companies and organizations that maintain the difference between network administrators and system administrators do so in order to maintain a maximum flexibility in the roles and allow them to fill any gap the hiring company requires, rather than forcing the company to design a position to meet a predefined role. The distinction allows the maximum in flexibility for both companies and administrators. References Barnard, S (2002). Microsoft Solutions for Management: System Administration. Retrieved April 26, 2007 from http://www.microsoft.com/technet/solutionaccelerators/cits/mo/smf/smfsysad.mspx SAGE. About the System Administration Field. Retrieved April 25, 2007 from http://www.sage.org/field/field.html. Dijker, B. (2001, July 21). Careers in System Administration. Retrieved April 25, 2007 from http://www.ddj.com/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=1OEXOXM3XUGVQQSNDBECKHSCJUMEKJVN?articleID=184411171 ErraticAssasin (2001, September 5). Difference between network & systems admin? Message posted to http://episteme.arstechnica.com/6/ubb.x?a=tpc&s=50009562&f=469092836&m=8960982662 Menezes, D. (2007). Know your system administrator. Retrieved April 25, 2007 from http://www.gnu.org/fun/jokes/know.your.sysadmin.html